Significantly differentially methylated probes (DMPs) were identified using Bonferroni correction for multiple testing. We also accounted for selection bias due to loss to follow-up and mortality prior to enrollment. To estimate the associations between each PE and DNAm at individual cytosine-phosphate-guanine (CpG) sites, we incorporated a distributed-lag (0-27 d) term in the setting of median regression with subject-specific intercept and examined cumulative lag associations. We collected daily PM 2.5 and 13 PEs at a fixed central site. We repeatedly collected blood samples in the Normative Aging Study and measured leukocyte DNA methylation (DNAm) with the Illumina HumanMethylation450K BeadChip. We hypothesized that significant changes in DNAm may vary by PM 2.5 mass and its elements. We performed EWAS of short- and intermediate-term exposure to PM 2.5 and 13 PEs. However, EWAS of PM 2.5 elements (PEs), reflecting different emission sources, are very limited. Several epigenome-wide association studies (EWAS) of ambient particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter ≤ 2.5 µm (PM 2.5) have been reported. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. 8 Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H.7 Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY 10032, USA.6 Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H.5 Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.4 Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.
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